Cultivator



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet -1.

A. ELLIS.

GULTIVATOR.

No. 478,790. Patented July 12, 189

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. ELLIS. I

GULTIVATOR.

-' No. 478,790. Patented July 12, 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUSTIN ELLIS, OF BEDFORD, INDIANA.

CU LTIVATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No." 478,790, dated July12, 1892.

Application filed October 20, 1891.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, AUGUSTI N ELLIs, a citizen of the United States,residing at Bedford, 1n the county of Lawrence and State of In dlana,have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Cultivators, ofwhich the following is a specification.

lviy said invention relates to that class of agricultural implementsknown as cultivators, and particularly to those which have arched axles;and it consists in certain improvements whereby it is enabled to do awide range of work and be accurately adjusted for the various grades ofwork required of it, all as will be hereinafter more particularlydescribed and claimed.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which are made a part hereof,and on which similar letters of reference indicate similar parts, Figurel is a top or plan view of a cultivator embodying my said invention;Fig. 2, a central vertical sectional view thereof looking upwardly fromthe dotted line 2 2 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a front elevation; Fig. 4, adetail sectional View on .the dotted line 4 4 in Fig. 2; and-Figs. 5, 6,and '7, enlarged detail views as seen from the dotted lines 5 5, 6 6,and 7 7, respectively.

In said drawings, the portions marked A A represent the axles of thecultivator; B, the arch which connects them; 0 O, the plowbeams; D, theplows; E, the handles; F, the shoes, and G the draft-rods. The shortaxles A extend through the wheels A, which are mounted thereon, and havearch-like housings A rigidly attached thereto, which extend up over saidwheels, as shown most plainly in Fig. 3. On the sides of these housingswhich face each other are wings ct a through which are vertical holeswhich form bearings for the ends of thearch B. To these wings are alsosecured projections, to which the handles are connected, as will bepresently described. To the outer ends of the short axles A are securedthe plow-beams and draft-rods, as shown, and as will also be furtherdescribed hereinafter.

The arch B, I prefer to form of a round rod, the ends of which are bentto right angles with the center and extend down through the holes in thewings a (1 The two halves of the cultivator are thus connected, and suchSerial No. 409,339- (No model.)

connection enables each half to move with the greatest freedomrelatively to the other consistent with maintainingaposition at alltimes equally distant from said other half. For example, eithercultivator-half can advance or recede relatively to the other, or evencircle around nearly in front of or behind the other, and thus by thisconstruction shorter corners can be turned than with most others, aswill be readily understood. This construction is also simple andinexpensive and not likely to get out of repair.

The plow-beams O are connected to the extreme outer ends of the shortvaxles A and extend back horizontally to the distance required, wherethey are connected by crossbeams O, to which the plows are directlysocured. These plow-beams are hinged near the points where they areconnected to the axles and also near where they are connected to thecross-beams C, and therefore said crossbeams and the plows thereon maybe carried horizontally from side to side to almost any extent required,as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1, and as will be readilyunderstood, and the plow still maintain a uniform direction to thefront.

The plows D are or may be of any ordinary or well-known construction andare secured to the cross-beams O. This peculiar arrangement ofcross-beams enables a greater or less number of plows to be used, as maybe desired. Two are shown on each cross-beam; but three, four, or fivemay be as readily used where such a number is found to be advantageous.

The handles E are secured to the projections a on the wings a and passdown between forked arms a on the lower wings a and extend thence backto the rear of the plow-beams, where they are secured to the cross-beamsC, and thence up to a convenient height for the user, where theyterminate in handles, as usual. Near the bearings G on the cross-beams0', through which the handles pass, collars e are placed on said handlesand said collars are provided with setscrews e. By adjusting thesecollars and setscrews it is possible to accurately adjust the plows sothat they shall enter the ground in operation to just a predetermineddepth.

The handles are united by a loose joint to the project-ions a, so thatthey may be easily moved somewhat, and therefore the plows may be liftedby means of said handles when desired.

The shoes F are secured at the upper ends by pivotsf to the housings Aand are bent around in front of and to below the axles and extend thenceto the ground, upon which the lower ends rest, as shown. Upon the axlesare mounted collars F, which are adapted to slide along said axles andto be secured to any desired position thereon by means of setscrews f,as shown. When these collars are moved to one side of the shoes, saidshoes ride loosely upon the surface of the ground and permit the plowsto enter the ground. When, however, it is desired that the plows shallbe raised out of the ground, these collars are slid along said axles tounder the bent portions of the shoes, which are then held outwardly,thus raising the plows out of the ground, and the cultivator is then incondition to be transported from place to place without disturbing thesoil over which it passes.

As before described, a combination of the shoes in their ordinaryposition and the handles with their connections to the plow-beams andthe adjacent collars e and set-screws e are a means whereby the depth towhich the plows shall enter the ground in operation may be accuratelyadjusted. The bringing into use of the collars F in. addition serves thefurther purpose of raising the plows entirely free from the ground. Forthe various purposes, therefore, these parts are used either singly orin combination, as will be readily understood.

The draft-rods G are connected to the ends of the axles A at pointsimmediately alongside those where the plow-beams are connected andextend forward and across in front of the wheels. They are provided witha number of orifices, to which the singletrees may be connected, towhich the animals which d raw the cultivator are hitched, and thus thepoint of draft varied at pleasure.

Having thus fully described my said invention, What I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, in a cultivator, of sta- .tionary axles, arch-likehousings extending from said axles up over the wheels, wings on saidhousings, and an arch the ends whereof are substantially at right angleswith its center, which ends extend down through bearings in said wingsand thus unite the two halves of the cultivator, which are otherwiseindependent, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, in a cultivator, of two short stationary axles, anarched axle united to said stationary axles by pivotal connections,plow-beams connected to the ends of said stationary axles, hinge-jointsin said plow-beams near where they are so connected, cross-beamsconnecting the rear ends of said plow-beams, hinge-joints at or near thepoints of said connection, and plows connected to said cross-beams,whereby provision is made for a greater or less number of plows, all ofwhich may be moved from side to side and maintain their uniformdirection toward the front.

3. The combination, in a cultivator, of the axles, housings thereon,plow-beams, handles. connected to said housings and extending backthrough hearings on said plow-beams, and adjusting-collars on saidhandles alongside said bearings, substantially as and for the purposeset forth.

4. The combination, ina cultivator, of the axles, the plow-beams,housings on the axles, shoes pivoted to said housings above the axlesand extending around in front of and below said axles, and collars onsaid axles adapted to be moved longitudinally thereof to under oralongside said shoes, substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. The combination, in a cultivator, of the axles, housings thereon,plow-beams secured to said axles, handles secured to said housings andto said plow-beams; shoes also secured to said housings and passingunder said axles, and adjusting-collars on said handles and onsaidaxles, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal, atIndianapolis, Indiana, this 1st day of September, A. D. 1891.

AUGUSTIN ELLIS. [L. 8.]

Witnesses:

CHESTER BRADFORD, J. A. WALSH.

